Qualitative Research And Views

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Qualitative research and views

The investigation lies in ordered processes that are aimed at investigating, analyzing and interpreting one or more phenomena; In order to discover how the "environment that surrounds us" works, as well as expanding knowledge about the question either by scientific, social or cultural interest.

In order to provide a definition about qualitative research, some authors mention the following:

In. 16).

In order to explain and define what it means, (Flick, 2007) states: "Qualitative research aims to approach the world outside (not in specialized research environments as laboratories) and understand, describe and sometimes explain social phenomena" From the inside ”in several different ways” (P. 12).

Qualitative research raises hypotheses that are intended to clear or analyze from a point of view closer to people, studying each of them in their natural environment. All this about the assumption of "interpreting the world around us". The hypotheses in the qualitative approach can be established before, during and after the investigation, on the contrary of other approaches that must be established only at the time of starting.

The field of application of this method is aimed at interpreting and understanding phenomena in the social, cultural, scientific and moral sphere; as long as it is to analyze problems from a personal perspective. For example: what emotions experience children who lose their parents? What is the behavior they demonstrate when trying to accept their absence?

By guiding research in both premises, two scenarios can be used to investigate and know the perspective of each individual in order to understand both questions, these being: a) participating observation, according to Taylor and Bogdan this scenario is very rare, and that the researcher must obtain permits to collect first -hand information. Both authors indicate “… when applying this scenario it is necessary to have a high level of caution, because when personally involving with the individual the objectivity is lost…” (P. 36). B) Direct observation, scenario in which the researcher also participates, but in a smaller way, the information is generally gathered undercover without the participants knowing that they are observed and having the least possible interaction with them.

Observation is the tool par excellence, mainly in this type of research, since it allows us to understand the information from its natural environment. There are tools that support data collection, these being:

  1. Open response interview,
  2. Focal groups,
  3. Discussion groups.

All of them aimed at a single end "understand the world around us" from a perspective close to the individual.

After choosing a scenario (participatory or direct observation) and apply collection tools, the data obtained must be analyzed. An important characteristic of the qualitative approach is to analyze and interpret data together with the collection; With this idea the premise exposed to the beginning of this approach "Understanding the world around us" is therefore met by the researcher when opting for the first scenario must interpret and try to understand the hypothesis that was raised at the beginning and depending on the data will decide if modify or not said question.

If the choice is the second scenario, the researcher must give a structure to the data obtained because it is well known that the information collected is very varied and does not contain structure as such. An example of this according to (Arboleda, 2008), ”is to gather information according to the discussion groups, several individuals who are guided by a researcher meet in order to obtain a greater number of perspectives and thereby understand Wide way the questions raised at the beginning of the investigation ”(pp. 69-77).

The qualitative approach intends that the researcher understand the phenomenon or the question from a unique and different perspective to the others, since to collect the data to be used it is necessary to study the behavior of individuals without forcing them to follow predefined paths, providing in this way a series of data that may or may not modify the premise that was raised before starting with the investigation.

All research requires a series of techniques for data collection, however, it is important to mention that not only tools are required, but also requires resources; being some of them: a) monetary resource. When starting to conduct research, it is necessary to cover a series of expenses that involve food transport, acquisition of tools, among others. Without them it is almost impossible to carry out this process, b) experience and skill, properly applied research tools gather reliable data; Experience provides an important factor to research, since antiquity in the realization of research works allows a minor margin of mistakes.

Finally, (Flick, 2007) mentions: “Planning and designing qualitative research is one thing to do it in the field and with real people is another” (P. 84). This refers to the fact that all research can have obstacles that hinder the application of tools, including obstacles can cancel an investigation. Such is the case of "not finding access to the field", this difficulty prevents the researcher from gathering data on the uncertainties raised. For example: in the premises exposed above, to access the field of action you must obtain authorization from the child or young person who wants to participate in the research process. Without acceptance of the person in charge, the investigator cannot apply the techniques and scenarios to carry out his research process, forcing him to change the premise and the field of application.

conclusion

In conclusion, although it is true that research can be developed from different approaches, they all pursue the same objective, "understand, analyze, interpret and give solutions to the phenomena that surround us". Each applies techniques and tools that best adapt to its methodology. However, they can apply and obtain different results, such is the case of the interview, can be used by the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach and each gathers data that best fit to understand their premise.

References

  • Arboleda, l. M. (2008). The discussion group as a methodological approach in qualitative investigations. National Public Health Magazine, 69-77. Retrieved on July 21, 2020, from https: // www.Redalyc.org/article.OA?ID = 120/12026111
  • Bogdam, & Taylor. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods. (J. Piatigorsky, trad.) Barcelona: Paidós. Obtained from http: // mastor.CL/BLOG/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2011/12/INTRODUCTION-A-METODY-CUALITATIVES-DE-INVESTORATION%C3%B3N-TAYLOR-Y-BOGDAN.-344-PAGS-PDF.PDF
  • Flick, u. (2007). Qualitative research design. (J. Morata, ed., t. DEL ALMO, & C. White, trads.) Madrid: Morata, s.L. Obtained from https: // dpp2017blog.Files.WordPress.com/2017/08/dissec3b1o-de-la-investigacic3b3n-qualitative.PDF
  • Flick, u. (2007). Introduction to qualitative research (second ed.). (J. Morata, ed.) Madrid: Morata, s.L. Obtained from https: // is.Slideshare.Net/Alexispeaililloarce/Introduction-A-La-Investigation-Qualitative-84740112  

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