Israeli apartheid: historical background, current relevance
The Arab League was founded on March 22, 1945, is based in Cairo, Egypt. It has 22 member countries: Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Palestine, Qatar, Syria (suspended), Oman, Somalia,Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen, which are involved in solving economic, cultural, ideological problems within their territories, in this case, Apartheid and Arabic discrimination.
The apartheid that means "separation" or "condition of being separated" in Afrikáans, emerged since 1948 in South Africa in which the rights of people of color were violated and they were deprived them. Apartheid is the racial segregation system between races, either against one or several or cultures for their beliefs, religion or ideologies. The main base of an apartheid is to demonstrate the racial superiority of a culture.
Life under a discriminatory regime such as apartheid is to live under mistreatment and segregation continuously, without access to basic services or human rights, the clearest example of them is Israeli apartheid. Israeli apartheid had its beginnings at the end of World War II, it discriminates and separates the Palestinians from the Israelites for religious, ideological and cultural issues. In addition to the Palestinians live under a military regime exercised by Israel, and on the contrary Israel lives in a civil regime. Israeli apartheid is a shocking situation, since the Palestinians are subject to a regime in which they did not choose to live but was imposed.
At present, the Palestinians live under a military regime in addition to the Hamas government imposed by Israel;In this situation, those already mentioned do not have rights compared to the Israeli, because they live with fear, sadness and concern of what can happen to the next day, in addition, most children live traumatized by Israeli attacks as they are more frequentlyThe bombings, the Palestinians also do not have rights, such as full freedom, equality, dignity, among others.
In Palestine only 20% of Palestinians live and others are Israelis who live with privileges such as living under a civil and democratic regime with rights.One of the most marked difference is by religion, since the Israelis are Jews and the Palestinians most of their population (93%) practices Islam and only 6% practice Christianity.
Another base of Israeli apartheid is the "Zionism" that is an international political movement that seeks to fight for an independent Jewish state, this means that the Jews live free and safe at the expense of surpassing over others.
On the other hand, it is known about what Islamophobia is, this literally means a phobia or fear of everything that has to do with Islam, it is rejection and negativity, by other people, with Islamophobia they are affectedPeople who practice Islam, since they are remote and excluded at work, street, school, etc.
In addition to this, the Arabs have always fought for not being labeled as "dangerous and conflicting" people, in many occasions they are considered a threat to society and subject to frequent reviews in the airports of other countries, which is considered a discriminatory action.
On the other hand, the Arabs have been discriminated against by multiple reasons, among them and the most frequent are for the association between Islam with extremist religious groups, the different cultures and customs that have, their multiple religions, negative stereotypes, among others. There are disturbing data about the amount of discrimination suffered by Arabs, either when you get a job or even walk on the street
Historical background
To understand the apartheid we must know the following: the conflict begins at the end of World War II, where many Jews were persecuted by the Nazi Holocaust, those who lived in Israel proposed that the best place to protect himself would be Palestine;At that time, this territory was controlled by England and at the end of this episode, the Jews occupied places of Palestine arriving in the country by borders bordering Jordan, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. However, in 1947 the UN proposed and established that more than half of the country would be occupied by the Jews and the other by Palestinians;The cause that this has generated a problem is that the Israel government began to evict Palestinians from this territory and now the Israelis live in these territories.
There was a battle in which the Palestinians lost more than 78% of their territory, and as a result of this, more than 400 villas and Palestinian peoples were lost;Also three quarters of one million Palestinians were expelled from the country in order to return to their original homes, however they were permanently prohibited from the Israelis, as a result of this more than 100,000 people emerged thanThey began to live near their old homes, starting to be a second class compared to the Jewish inhabitants.
Based on information from 1945, around a billion people are Palestinian refugees, which are located around the Gaza Strip, the Eastern Bank and Jordan, as well as various Palestinians who live at the borders and distributed in nearby countries,This hoping that one day they can return to your country.
People who are supporting the Palestinians have opined about the life that the Jews are having, and most of these opinions are related to equity. On the contrary, the Israelis government aims at the largest amount of Jewish territory.
Some of the privileges that Jews have had are entitled to land and home, being one of the reasons why Israel wants to continue expanding their borders and controlling land which do not belong to them, on the other hand, these two rights have been deniedtowards Palestinians repeatedly.
Since 1947 the Israelis have forbidden to join with Jews and are forbiddenGood life, on the contrary, Israelis have laws with the aim of obtaining the greatest amount of territory.
The Palestinians have tried to achieve national liberation with the help of the armed struggle and popular protests, on the contrary, the Israelis, has been together with the United States of America, this country has been supporting the idea of the destruction of Palestinian territories, the wayIn which this country is giving war and armament supplies so that they are prepared to continue invading .
Current relevance
Today apartheid is not only a situation manifested in Arab countries, since it is currently an issue that has been handled worldwide mainly for new phenomena, which were contemplated during the Durban Conference, it took toCabo from April 20 to 24, 2009 in Geneva, to discuss whether advanced on the goals that were established on discrimination and their derivatives. These would be migration and xenophobia which have resulted in the emergence of manifestations of racism and even genocides.
It has been detected that religion is a factor of great importance regarding apartheid, because among the Jews and Islamic there is some enmity, so as the Israelis are mostly Jewish and the Palestinians in most cases practice Islam is evident thatThis rejection is observed. They have registered discriminating cases towards Muslims in different countries, such as in the United States that is intended to eliminate the right that immigrants have that allows them to automatically achieve American nationality automatically.
In December 2003, the death of Mohamed Maydi Wahbeh, a Palestinian boy whothe figure of 2,000 dollars to be given the necessary attention and was allowed to die at the hospital doors.
On January 10, 2019, Highway 4370 has been inaugurated, or better known as “The Apartheid road”, this is a road that is divided into the middle by a wall 8 meters high and its west side was created mainlyTo avoid the passage of the Palestinians to Jerusalem and the east for transit of the settlers, this road was built more than a decade ago but had remained closed so far (S.A., 2019).
The United States PEW Research Center has conducted a study that indicates that Latin America will be the only region on the planet that in 2050 its estimated growth rate for the population as a whole exceeds the number of Muslims number, in fact,It is expected that for this year the population will increase 27% compared to the year 2010 but the number of people followers of Islam will remain 13% and during the same period in the rest of the planet Muslims increased by 73% throughoutThe planet, in what the world population will do it by 35%.
International actions
- Special Committee against Apartheid: This committee was decreed by Resolution 1761, its purpose is based on studyto the General Assembly or the Security Council in a timely manner about this as appropriate.
- International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination: this is an international treaty for human rights and this is divided into 3 parts, the first speaks about the obligations that the State and the right that is not to sufferDiscrimination, the second raises the mechanisms that the Convention must comply with and the third talks about the general provisions.
In this convention, any restriction, exclusion, distinction or color, race, origin, lineage, etc. will be denoted.
CERD.Application of human rights, this must be presented a year after the State adheres to the Convention, and later, every two years, the Committee examines each report and presents the State a “final observation” to the State.
ICERD (International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination): This convention was launched mainly for racial discrimination.This is formed by a preamble and 25 articles that are divided into three parts, in the first part there is the definition and racial discrimination that is prohibited by the icerd, as well as the obligations that each State has, the second treats the executionof a surveillance body and the third treats the technical issues.
UN actions
The UN has taken letters in the Arab apartheid, and different types of resolutions have been made, both by the General Assembly and the Security Council.
From the most important resolutions these points have been taken:
- Inalienable rights.
- The UN has the obligation to support the peace process.
- The illegality that Israel occupies the area of the Altos de Golán.
- It is declared as "null and invalid" the declaration that Israel considers Jerusalem as capital.
- Likewise, the celebration of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 2012 took place in Geneva on March 21, 2012 (UN).
Guterres calls the leadership of the Arab League to achieve peace in the region, the UN Secretary General said (the Palestinians and Israelis do not need conflict management, they need a resolution of the conflict. The only way to ensure that Palestinians and Israelis can make their national aspirations and live in peace, security and dignity is the solution of two states. There is no plan b) (UN).
The UN Agency for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Arab States League signed an agreement to create a cooperation frame that best meets the needs of refugees in the Arab region and facilitates humanitarian access (UN).
Because of this, the United Nations Organization (UN) has made the subject one of the main ones to be treated in the assemblies that have been carried out and thanks to this, the different tasks, programs and committees that were created toeradicate this issue, such as:
- The International Year of the Fight against Racial Discrimination.
- The International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Forms of Intolerance.
- The three decades of the fight against racism and racial discrimination.
- Declaration on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination.
In conclusion, the UN continues to take action on this issue to improve and reduce Arabic apartheid and discrimination.
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