Desalination: Methodology Necessary For Latin America

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Desalination: Methodology necessary for Latin America

The consumption and use of non -potable water in Latin America, and especially in Colombian regions, have significantly increased diseases in the most vulnerable populations. That is why this problem is giving the lives and health of many people who cannot use basic services such as: sewerage and aqueduct systems, which are necessary to meet their needs, all this added to multiple diseases such asEDAS, IRAS and ETAS that correlate with this risk, become the main reason why we want to investigate what policies the government has implemented and what strategies and techniques have been used to mitigate the consequences of non -potable water consumption in theSubregions of Colombia, specifically in the most sensitive populations of Antioquia.

The effects and lack of guarantees in the health of vulnerable populations exposed to diseases due to the consumption of unhealthy waters becomes an emergency point for communities and a high point for public health entities of each government;Being a problem with a high propagation index to be a source of direct pollution for populations around foci, as well as collateral effects for other species that are double purpose and end as food for these communities. Therefore, this problem is an important analysis and research factor for both academic communities and public health units, and the educational centers of technological development, and agro -industrial production.

Seeking to answer the questions that arise from the need to inquire and learn more about the triggers of the problem of non -drinkable water consumption in vulnerable communities, a search is carried out that clarifies questions such as what policies have been implemented in governments to minimizethe consequences of consumption and use of wastewater in population that does not have access to basic needs? As well as what strategies and techniques can currently be applied to face the consumption and use of wastewater?;When finding an answer to these questions, a more assertive panorama will be achieved in the results and conclusions of the problem investigated.

As described above, this work is distributed in four significant phases, oriented in: inquiry activities on the problem of unhealthy water consumption, the results of the exploration of the strategies, technologies and policies generated to mitigate this problem, the opinions andAnalysis of the search results, and the conclusions;The first phase reflects the search that was generated during the exploration of the information, the second phase shows the current information of the work that has been developed in various countries and in the regions of interest of the investigation, the third phase will endure the responses toThe main questions, and will also provide a panorama of activities in each region aimed at minimizing the risk. Finally, the fourth phase will be oriented in the conclusions obtained from the search and in knowing what the contributions are and how assertive the results for the investigation were.

When carrying out the respective literature review in the selected databases, several articles were found where various strategies and implementation of policies are established by government authorities for the reduction in the impact of consumption and use residual water in population that does not have accessTo basic needs, as is the case of European governments, who have water tariff financing management systems where they increase the cost of high -strata populations, and the poorest population leaves it exempt from payment. Also companies must pay additional rates. In the case of Austria they are treated local by non -profit community companies, allowing the generation of several community organizations that provide knowledge for waste management and wastewater. France decentralizes water management, periodic supervision is done and environmental tests are performed. Finally, in Germany with the Environmental and Energy Conservation Program, it gives loans at low interest rates for investment to those who want to reduce and avoid pollution. There are also very strict laws that protect water resources.

Continuing with the same methodology of literature review, it is possible to find several sources that show the strategies and techniques currently applied to face the consumption and use of wastewater, such is the case of Israelite industrial groups who developed five desalination plants the desalination plants thewhich are responsible for providing 25% of water supply in the country and 80% domestic water;They have also installed more than 350 desalination plants around 40 countries, including the largest plant in the Carlsbad Western hemisphere in San Diego, responsible for producing enough water to meet the needs of approximately 400.000 people. Similarly, sources were observed that related the techniques for the development of stochastic flow models for the evaluation of the impact of water conservation in sewerage systems.

It can be concluded that global technological trends are based on water saving, cleaning and filtering, water treatment and recycling technologies, in addition to technologies that allow water desalination. There are also techniques that consist of gradually replacing chemicals with water treatment membranes. Likewise, in Colombia the techniques are based on the water quality sampling system to be able to identify the regions with the most risky disease of unhealthy water consumption;However, due to the results obtained, it was possible to identify that the late reports of these samples do not allow timely actions to mitigate or minimize the problem. 

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