Chile education mutation and penguin revolution
For the optimal, the development of “Chile and Chilean Revolution Mutation” must first define an extremely key concept for this topic: Education: which we can define as a process of socialization of the individuals involved, assimilation and learning of knowledge, which also involves cultural and behavioral learning.
This education can be materialized in two ways: informal or non -formal (acquired in the family and the social environment), and formal or regular education (acquired in educational establishments) that will be in which we will focus.
Formal education
Formal education consists in the systematization of ideas, facts and techniques for students, where a tutor (in concrete an educator or teacher) exercises the orderly and voluntary influence on a receiver with the intention of training (corresponding to students orstudents) these actions of the educator collaborate in the student’s training thanks to a series of exchange of experiences and knowledge.
Our educational system corresponds to a set of elements related to each other and that interact, allowing a society to transmit and preserve its collective existence between the new generations
This formal education, in any society, should be in charge of the “State” of each country, to materialize education in adequate educational establishments, with laws that ensure education for each citizen of a country, and thus create what is called the systemeducational. In Chile, the person in charge of ensuring an equitable and quality educational system is the MINEDUC (Ministry of Education) which manages the integral and permanent training of people and also to the development of the country, through the formulation and implementation of policies, norms andregulation.
This system has been modified thanks to the reforms made during the beginning of Chile’s education until today, these reforms represent the passage of educational policies that are focused on coverage and administration for the improvement of education according toThe equity and quality of this.
The most important milestones in Chilean education:
- 1920 Compulsory Primary Education Law (4 years of mandatory schooling)
- 1965 EDUCATIONAL REFORM (8 -year increases mandatory schooling)
- 1982 Administrative and financial decentralization (the State stops taking charge directly, and the Municipality passes as support)
- 1996 Educational Reform
- 2006 Penguin Revolution (an argument on the changes of the Constitutional Teaching (LOC) law (LOC) begins
- 2011 Change of Loc for General Law in Education (LGE)
- 2014 advances in the project that ends with profit, discrimination and co -payment in education. 3 dialogue and participation processes are carried out: citizen, thematic dialogues and meetings on national teaching policy
- 2016 School Inclusion Law
- 2018 financial decentralization (still in the process of total application)
In what type of society does this mutation occur?
For this question we will focus on our Chilean Educational Society in 2006, addressing the penguin revolution since its inception. This student mobilization is the first massive uprising, where the demonstrations were accompanied by more than 500.000 students in different parts of Chile, starring secondary students who were in favor of educational law to be accessible to any citizen.
These mobilizations began in the first half of 2006 (April to June) but were "reactivated" between September and October of the same year. This period was called as penguin revolution, in relation to the way of referring to basic and middle education students, due to the appearance and uniform of these corresponding to a white shirt, blue dress, almost black.
Friday, May 26: More than 100 educational establishments were mobilization in the morning period, but about 400 schools, high schools, etc., was counted, etc., at the end of the day, this huge stoppara made a national strike to occur to a national strikeof students convened for Tuesday, May 30.
Tuesday, May 30: The call was so massive, that there was an adhesion of more than 600.000 students and more than 250 unemployment educational establishments (100 municipal high schoolCall of 1972 during the government of former President Salvador Allende due to the “Unified National School project (which was mainly rejected by suspicion of an ideologized education), and also surpassing the protest produced during the 80s’ within the governmentmilitary who was reproached for educational policies.
In this beginning of the "penguin revolution" various requests and claims raised by the students were covered as it was:
- The repeal of the LOC (Constitutional Organic Law of Teaching
- Decree 524, published on May 11, 1990, which regulated student centers (CEA)
- End to the municipalization of teaching (that the State returns to take care of this, directly)
- The reformulation and study of the full school day (JEC)
- Free and unified school pass
- Free university selection test (PSU)
- Free school rate in school transport for secondary education.
Thursday, June 1: The president (Radio and Televisión) is directed by the Nation)I would satisfy ”to the demands made by the students. Reorganization of the Ministry of Education to allow inspection through a superintendency.
- Establishment of a Presidential Advisory Council for Education Improvement of Educational Quality.
- LOC reform, consecrating the right of citizens to quality education and preventing unjustified discrimination of students by establishments. The State, in addition, would become a guarantor of the quality of education.
- Half a million new students benefited from lunch, which would be more than 770,000 for 2007.
- Investments for infrastructure improvements in 520 establishments, mainly in casinos and bathrooms.
- 1200 establishments would have real estate improvements.
- Scholarships for Professional Technical Education students during their three -month job practices. BENEFICIARIES approximately 70.000 students.
- National and free school pass for the most needy, which could be used every day of the week without a schedule limit.
- Free PSU for 155.000 students, equivalent to the 80 % poorest in the country.
However, the National Student Assembly rejected the proposals made by the Government by calling a new national strike for Monday, but surprisingly the movement lost strength and the end of the mobilizations was announced on June 9. And for June 13, 2006, the schools had already returned to classes, except some establishments that continued with the mobilizations.
September 26: The first report of the Advisory Council is presented, which raises some agreements achieved such as: the replacement of LOCE by LGE, establishment of a constitutional right to a free and quality education, creation of the administration of public educationand the guarantee of quality education for every Chilean citizen. The drafted document suffered various criticisms for the opposition since they accused of an attempt of “re.nationalize "education.
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