Beliefs of mental disorders through time
.People over time have evolved in terms of the beliefs of mental disorders refer, banishing the ignorance that was previously on this disease until they reached scientific research, which in turn allow a more based on thetreatment that people with some kind of mental disorder must follow. Thus, currently the different causes have been studied, factors that cause a mental disorder, but to reach this conception, it had to go through a long period of applications from the most primitive, which believed that these people were possessed by aevil spirit, reaching the first investigations that gave a clearer light about what really made a person behave in one way or another.
Initially, ancient and primitive cultures assigned madness to gods, demons or evil spirits, something that resulted in the treatments for "crazy" being cruel and inhuman;They made cranial penetrations because their goal was to let demons come out, in addition, they exorcised them, tortured and isolated them from society, making them see before society as dangerous people.
In this way, society begins to label those people, increasing rejection and exclusion. Stereotypes become everyday assimilating mental disorders with violence, weakness of nature and unpredictability, this belief is strong until the fourth century to.C, since from there begins a new interpretation about mental illnesses, with him the humoralist theory of Hippocrates, a Greek doctor who states that the behavior of individuals is due to mental causes and processes.
According to Hippocrates, the disorders of behavior were due to the imbalance of the four fluids or "basic moods" that are in the human body, these being: phlegm, black bile, yellow bile and blood and blood. In the second century D.C Galeno also accepted the natural character of mental illnesses, thus, the Galenic tradition divided them into: mania, produced by an excess in yellow bile or blood expressing in hallucinations and melancholy originated by the excess of black bile manifesting in depression.
The classification of moods remained during the Roman Empire, being those who fostered the first manifestations of public health, but in the Middle Ages there is a setback towards the explanation of mental disorders, because, the Church is the one that begins toTake control over those people who had this type of disorder, which resulted in the treatment to be enclaustrated between exclusion and fear of the presence of a god. This religious conception caused the understanding of mental disturbances to be limited, and these people were condition.
In the twentieth century, in 1930, the first institution appears for the mentally ill in England, it is in this place where the inmates were chained, whipped, beaten, they were practiced purges, that is, they treated them in a deplorable way. On the other hand, the idea of mental disorders began to visualize towards a more scientific and experimentation part, thus, in 1976 Wundt, creates the first experimental laboratory, being necessary, since a new perspective is seen to address the issue ofMental illnesses. The theory of the origin of the Darwin species in which the importance of natural selection is manifested and the individual characteristics becomes another key point for previous conceptions of mental disorders to disappear.
What would end the speech of madness, is related to the birth of psychoanalysis, where Freud states that a person’s behavior develops at an unconscious level, the appearance of mental evidence developed by Catell, Galton, Binet who sought to measure differencesPsychological individual of the human being and the reinstatement of medicine on the subject of mental illness since he lay under it an organic disorder.
Although it is also important to emphasize emblematic figures of the psychiatry of the 18th century, such as: Vincenzo Chiarugi and Philippe Pinel, who began a human treatment with the mentally ill, Chiarugi introduces the "psychological" component to mental illness, as it ruled outThat this was hereditary, while Pinel leaned to the psychological aspect prioritizing the emotional aspects in the therapeutic part.
At the beginning of the 21st century, with the greatest need to solve the concern of the factors that influence the behavior of a person with metal disorder it becomes evident to know not only about its definition but also to deepen the treatment and its inclusion as aPriority problem in the field of health, without forgetting the implications that it has in society since the labels that were assigned to the subjects with some mental disorder made them lose their opportunity to live in a community, being discriminated against, theexcluded and isolated from contact with other human beings.
conclusion
Mental disorders have had to go through various types of ideologies until they reach a more empiricist truth. Since its inception, not having many sources of information, the ignorance of society at that time made it believe in the possession of demons or spirits, then it could be seen that over the years and greater research the mental disorders were linkedWith psychological and biological aspects of the individual. Despite this, the people who lived at that time had to go through torture and other inhuman situations to try to heal.
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