Basketball History

Basketball History

Professional basketball arose shortly after the invention of the game in 1891. The game defenders were generally lower or worker and the game was quite hard with a minimum number of rules that govern behavior. This caused the game to be dynamic and unpredictable in the way basketball evolved. The professionalism of the game was largely limited to a small number of men who became skilled in sport and used that ability to increase their working class income. As the game became more accepted and tested in universities in the early 1990s, there was a clear division between those who played for money and those who played it for sports recreation.

In the 1910s they began (and ended soon) several professional leagues, but some lasted five or even ten years. These leagues were built around geography and civic pride and, although they were initially populated largely by local players, they moved more towards the hiring of full -time professionals in the last part of this period. Many of the leagues were forced to withdraw during World Warits somewhat restricted lines.

After World War I finished, the leagues and players proliferated. There was work available and the economy grew rapidly. The idle class became more pronounced and even those of the working and low classes began to have small amounts of money that could spend on leisure activities. Professional basketball was only one of those activities and, unlike the other sports, it was largely seen by these members of the working class. The teams often became the source of the pride of the local community and were sponsored, to some extent, by local companies or communities themselves. Support was minimal. The teams were often composed of local merchants with the name of the team that reflects that trade.

These may include glass blowers, shoe plugs, miners, potters or electric, for example. Some of those players could have worked within that local trade, but it was not mandatory. What was originally common was that players were local children who could represent their community and trade well. The filtration of regular professional players in these teams altered this equation in the 1920s.

At first he created 13 primordial rules by which players had to follow.

Some changes were emerging as opening a hole at the bottom of the basket so that the game should not always be interrupted when someone picked up. The tables were implemented, which gave rise to rebounds, among other things.

The game became quite popular and in 1936 it was already opening as an Olympic modality.

The basketball rules have some differences between the NBA and all other competitions, trying to obtain some improvements in certain aspects, but the tendency is that these differences are disappearing over time.

While female basketball began in 1892, at Smith College, when Berenson, a physical education teacher, modified Naismith’s rules to adapt them to the needs of women. As Naismith had 18 students, he decided that the teams were formed by 9 players each. With the passage of time, this number was first reduced to 7, and then to the current 5 players. The board arose to prevent the followers located in the gallery where the baskets hung, could hinder the ball entrance. With the passage of time the peach baskets became metallic hoops with a network without holes until reaching the current network. Basketball was an exhibition sport at the 1928 Olympic Games and 1932 Olympic Games, reaching the Olympic category in the 1936 Olympic Games. Here Naismith had the opportunity to see how her creation was converted into an Olympic category, when she was accompanied by Adolf Hitler in the Palco de Honor, in Germany. Female basketball had to wait until 1976 for admission as an Olympic sport. The game liked and was soon established in the United States. Mexico, it was first introduced for geographical reasons. To Europe, he arrived from the hands of YMCA to Paris, France. But it was not until the First World War that took great impulse, especially thanks to the American soldiers who played in their spare time. Basketball currently has a great diffusion in different countries around the world, being one of the sports with more participants and regular competitions in different areas and countries of the world. In the United States, the NBA is played, considered the best World Basketball competition. The three -point line (triple) was tested in the United States in 1933. However, it would not be adopted by ABA until 1968, reaching the NBA in the 1979-80 season. In FIBA basketball, it would be necessary to wait until 1984 to be part of its regulations.

(Bunker & Thorpe, 1982) argued that some sports games groups shared key features determined by their rules and tactics. For example, they suggested that games such as basketball, hockey, football can be categorized as invasion sports since they share common tactical characteristics such as creating spaces in attack in the invasion territory, containment of space in defense and the use of a goalor similar target to mark so many.

On the other hand, the introduction of basketball in Spain is attributed to Father Eusebio Millán Alonso (1986-1956) in the Pious Schools of San Antón in Barcelona, in the 1921 and 1922 National Sports Delegation (Espín, 1944).

The game consists of two teams, each team made up of 10 people, but on the court only 5 and the other 5 remain reservations, each player has as a goal to make the maximum possible points during the game during the game. The team wins more points at the end. They are divided into 4 times, each with 20 minutes. The possession of the ball is determined with a ball in the air, which is thrown by the referee, and each team chooses a player to try to get the ball and divert it to a teammate. This ball launch has some rules, being them:

• The two players must be standing inside their field
• The balls are thrown vertically and players can only touch the ball when it reaches its highest point.
• The other players must remain outside the central circle until some of those two players touch the ball.

From each time of time, the table points out of who is the possession of the ball, aiming an arrow towards the team.

In addition, there are innumerable types of possible passes that can be made, there are no rule that the limits, being that there are some that are more frequent and normally they are the first to be taught:

• Chest pass
• Pass only with one hand
• Chopped pass
• Pass in support

Definitions

Basketball game

Basketball is played by two (2) teams of five (5) players each.

The objective of each team is to score in the basket of the opponents and prevent the other team from obtaining the ball control or score.

• Basket: Own / opposite

The basket that is attacked by a team is the basket of the opponents and the basket that a team defends is the team’s own basket.

Ball movement

• The ball can pass, launch, palm up, roll or drive in any direction, subject to the restrictions of the relevant articles of the rule.
• Game winner

The team that has scored the greatest number of points at the end of game time for the fourth period or, if necessary, any extra period, will be the winner of the game.

Cut and line dimensions

• Playing field

The pitch will be a rectangular, flat and hard surface, free of obstructions

For the main official FIBA competitions, as well as for all built game fields, the dimensions will be 28 m long by 15 m wide, measured from the inner edge of the limit line. For all other events, the appropriate FIBA entity, such as the Commission Zone or the National Federation, has the authority to approve existing game courts with the minimum dimensions of 26 m in long and 14 m wide.

• The ceiling

The high ceiling height or the lowest obstruction should be at least 7 m.

Turning on

The game surface must be uniform and properly illuminated. The lights will be placed so that they do not hinder the players and officers vision.

Lines

All lines will be drawn from the same color (preferably white), 5 cm wide and clearly visible.

• Background and side lines

The pitch will be the area delimited by both background lines (on the short sides of the game court) and the side lines (on the long sides of the pitch). These lines are not part of the game.

Cut.

The pitch will be at least 2 m from any obstacle, including

Sitting team bank staff.

• Center line

The central line is the line drawn parallel to the final lines from the mid -points of the side lines. It extends 15 cm beyond each lateral line.

• Free throw lines, restricted areas and free throw lanes

A line of free throws will be drawn to each background. It will be to have its most remote edge at 5.80 m from the inner edge of the final line and will be 3.60 m long. Its midpoint will be in the imaginary line by joining the mid -points of the two final lines.

The restricted areas will be the areas of the floor marked on the court. Limited by the background lines, the free throw lines and the lines that originate in the final lines, their outer edges are 3 m from the middle points of the final lines and ending at the outer edge of the free throw lines. These lines, excluding the background lines, are part of the restricted area. The interior of the restricted areas can be painted but

It must be of the same color as the central circle. Free throw lanes are the restricted areas that extend towards the field of semicircles with a radius of 1.80 my their centers at the middle points of free throw lines. Similar semicircles will be drawn with a discontinuous line within the restricted areas.

Lane places along the free throw lanes to be used by players during

Central circle

The central circle will be marked in the center of the court and must have a 1.80m radius measured to the outer edge of the circumference. If the interior of the central circle is painted, it must be the same color as the restricted areas.

• Three -point field goal area The three -point field goal area of a team will be the entire field of play, except for the area near the opponent basket, limited by and including:
• Two parallel lines that extend from the bottom line, 6.25 m from the point in the ground directly perpendicular to the exact center of the opponent basket. The distance of this point from the inside The edge of the midpoint of the background is 1.575 m.

1. A semicircle of 6.25 m from the outer edge to the center (which is the same point defined above) that meets the line parallel.

Team Bank Areas

The equipment bank areas will be marked outside the court on the same side as the officers table and team banks, as follows:

Each area will be limited by a line that extends from the bottom line at at least 2 m long and by another line of at least 2 m, drawn 5 m of the central line and at right angle with the lateral line. two.5 position of the scorer table and banks / substitute chairs

The following provision of equipment and alternate benches

Banks / chairs are mandatory for the main official FIBA competitions.

And it is also recommended for all other competitions.

Equipment

To obtain a more detailed description of the basketball team, see

Appendix on basketball equipment.

1. Board boards and supports

1. The boards will be built with an adequate transparent material, (preferably tempered safety glass) in one piece. If they are built with other non -transparent materials, you must be painted white.

1. The dimensions of the boards will be 1.80 m horizontally and

1.05 m vertical.

1. All lines on the boards will be drawn as follows:

1. Blank, if the boards are transparent.

1. In black in all other cases.

1. 5 cm wide.

1. The frontal surface of the boards must be flat and marked as

Follow

The boards must be firmly mounted as follows

1. At each end of the court at right angles with the floor, parallel to the final lines.

1. The central vertical line on its frontal surface, extended to the ground, will touch the point on the ground that is 1.20 m from the central point of the inner edge of each final line, in an imaginary line drawn at right angle with this linefinal.

Basketball balls

1. The ball must be spherical and a unique approved orange tone. With eight (8) panels of traditional way and black seams.

1. The outer surface will be leather, synthetic leather, rubber or synthetic material.

1. The ball will inflate at an air pressure so that when it fell on the game surface from a height of approximately 1.80 m, measured from the bottom of the ball, it will bounce height, measured to the tip of the ball, between 1, 20 my 1.40 m.

1. The width of the ball seams will not exceed 0.635 cm.

1. The ball should not have less than 74.9 cm and no more than 78 cm circumference (size 7). It will not weigh less than 567 g or more than 650 g.

1. The local equipment must provide at least two (2) used balls that meet the above specifications. The referee will be the only judge of the legality of the balls. If either ball is inadequate as a game ball, the referee can select a ball provided by the visiting team or one of the balls used by any equipment for heating.

I FLIX, X. T., & Camí, J. T. (2014). Notes for the history of the centenary of Spanish basketball: a school and popular sport for both sexes (1897-1938). E-angalonmano. COM: Sports Science Magazine, 10 (3), 177-198.

Giménez, a. M. (2005). Teaching techniques in initiation to basketball. Inde.

Fajardo, J. T. (1999). Basketball Regulation commented. Paidotribo Editorial.