Anxiety and depression in the young people of Peru
In Peru, various mental health problems could. According to Rondón (2006) he tells us that the concept of health is broad, since it includes various subjective interpretations of "feeling good" and that it not only consists of "not suffering from a disease", but is also an integral part of "feeling good”And you can cover various factors by which it could destabilize. With this we say that health could be affected or destabilized not only physically but also mentally and psychologically, bringing both physical and mental tragic consequences.
Mental health is the welfare state of the individual that allows him to exploit his potential, develop productively and effectively, facing the usual difficulties of life assertively. Having good mental health is essential in the personal, family and social sphere. The concept of mental health encompasses what is autonomy, competence and recognition of the skills that one has to be carried out, growing intellectually and emotionally. It is defined as a state of well -being through which individuals recognize their skills, work in a productive way, capable of developing in the face of daily stress and contributing to their communities, according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2014). So we can say that lack of mental health prevents the person from becoming what everyday obstacles exceed. In this way, avoiding that they can advance with your life project, leading to the imperceptible productivity of the individual, the lack of efficiency and efficiency in the things performed. The results would be people with frustration, violence, ignorance, adding the inability to develop in democracy considering the common good. So, mental health problems have adverse effects on well -being and human development.
Now, both mental anxiety and depression disorders tend to affect the cognitive, affective and social realization of those who suffer from it. Knowing the causes for which they occur, how its consequences, the characteristics and endless existential branches that it encompasses its prevention and attention is developed, its consequences, its consequences and endless. But the coexistence of manifestations, unfortunately, do not always present themselves clearly, or simply, both disorders are united, so that in certain people it is possible to find depression with some of the anxiety features, and the inverse, people with people withPathological anxiety that have characteristics of depression. Likewise, both anxiety and depression are ways of reacting to external or internal events, that is, in them the powers (Luna, 2016) are very important. But what is meaning about pathological anxiety? Let’s start by saying that there are two types of anxiety, healthy and pathological, now, it will be healthsince this manifests itself in an intense way, covering all our thoughts towards it and affecting the other activities around our lives.
The diagnosis of depressive and anxious disorders in the adolescent population is a challenge today since most people, including doctors, consider that the symptoms presented only compete to the adult population, and if it is the case that a teenager experience, this would be considered as behaviors to get attention or want to manipulate their social and family environment. There is already a lack of knowledge and disinterest by health professionals, parents and teachers, in the early identification of both disorders and adolescent behavior, causing a late detection of symptoms such as anxiety and depression, which of not carrying an adequate treatment It can end in outcomes such as academic failure, suicidal behaviors, isolation and can even lead them to the consumption of psychoactive substances (Ospina, Hinerosa, Paredes, Guzmán and Granados, 2011). With the aforementioned, we deduce that the Adolescent Anxiety and Depression Disorder Index will continue murders, etc. Due to the consequences that this type of disorders bring, making them a sector of the vulnerable population and prone to suffer this type of mental illness.
On the other hand, to evaluate anxiety in adolescents it was decided to apply Beck’s anxiety inventory (known by its acronym in English as "BAI"). The General Council of Official Colleges of Psychologists (2013a) about the BAI points out that “it is a scale that measures the degree of anxiety in an informed manner. It is specially designed to measure the symptoms of anxiety less shared with those of depression ”(P.5). Therefore, the implement of this method in the investigation was preferably to evaluate anxiety levels unlike other types of scales, it leaves out to depression based only on itself, in addition, it was designed to measure anxiety in itsHome and its extension specifically. Counting 21 items and a score range from 0 to 63. The cutting points to interpret them are: 0-7-Very low anxiety;8-15-Mild anxiety;16-25-Moderate anxiety and 26-63-serious anxiety, assigning each of the items the value of 0 to 3. The symptoms presented to mark refer the last week including the day where the questionnaire is made, effective for children, adolescents and adults (Psychopedia, 2014). Also, to evaluate depression and the level at which it is chosen to apply the Beck-II (BDI-II) depression inventory composed of 21 items with 4 types of response, as a tool to evaluate adolescents and adults with adults withA psychiatric diagnosis (General Council of Official Colleges of Psychologists, 2013b), then this inventory is used to diagnose and evaluate the severity of depression with much more critical characteristics to be treated and applied in this research to know the magnitude of this disorder onteenagers. Beck depression inventory can be applied from 13 years, it consists of 21 questions with 4 types of response. The latter go from 0 to 3 and describe the degree to which we identify with the reality described. In this case 0 it would be not identified at all and 3 would describe a fact that we identify almost 100%. Going from 0 to 63, establishing 4 categories: 0-13-Low depression;14-19-mild depression;20-28-moderate depression;29-63-severe depression (Sabater, 2019). Applying the BAI and BDI-II scales, we will observe the prevalence of anxiety and depression that adolescents are living in the province of Cañete-Chilca.
Ospina, Hinerosa, Paredes, Guzmán and Granados (2011) did the same work with adolescents between 10 and 17 years, average age of 13.5 years, from schools located in Chia – Colombia, with a population of 538 students, whereThey point out that 218 students (40.5 %) suffer from suggestive symptoms of anxiety and/or depression and 320 (59.5 %) are negative before the previous two mentioned. With respect to the group of teenagers with a positive result, 152 (28.3 %) had an exclusive score for suggestive anxiety, while 18 (3.3 %) only for depressive symptoms, and 48 (8.9 %) with both disorders. In addition, it was observed that anxious symptoms were more frequent in women and depressive and mixed symptoms occurred frequently in men. Thus, of the positive results for suggestive symptoms of anxiety, depression or both;The predominance of anxious symptoms was found, followed by mixed symptoms and finally depressive symptoms. By suggestive anxiety, reference is made to the fact that this type of disorder leads us to think or act involuntarily but that for the mind this is completely necessary.
Romero, Canals, Hernández, Jané, Viñas and Domènech (2010) also conducted a similar investigation, working with children from 8 to 12 years, with an average age of 10 years, located in the Catalan city Reus, Colombia where 1 514 participatedschoolchildren, of which 792 are girls and 715 boys. With respect to the symptoms of anxiety there were a total of 704 (47%) boys and girls who tested positive for such a symptom, a result that was more common than the depressive symptoms that resulted in a total of 173 (11.5%),Now with respect to depressive symptoms this marked a total of (12%) both in 89 girls and 84 boys. On the other hand the 408 girls showed a higher percentage of anxious symptoms (52%) compared to 296 children (41%).
Mantilla, Sabalza, Díaz and Campo (2004) who unlike the other results shown, indicates figures only referring to depressive symptoms, working with a population of 248 random selected students located in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Of which only 22 (9.2%) boys and girls presented suggestive symptoms linked to greater depression. Now according to the genre, 13 cases were found in girls and 9 in boys.
Methodology
The present study is basic descriptive, since the variables with respect to anxiety and depression disorders were described, the design was non-experimental because it worked in terms of the results obtained from both inventories (BAI and BDI-II).
The problem turns into the Educational Center Our Lady of the Assumption (Cansa) in the students of the 5th grade of secondary education, where cases of adolescent problems have been reported and you want to know if depression or anxiety, and even both, haveMuch to do with it, expressing a series of attitudes, which have made it possible for this work to be done.
With a student population of 958 students, it has been decided to work with 40 teenagers taken randomly, between 20 men and 20 women, with the respective ages of 16, 17, 18 and 19, and with an average age of 17.5. It should be noted that for data collection, such as the formulation of an inventory was obtained, in order to determine the degree of influence of anxiety and depression in the students.
Results
After the application of the inventory to the students of the CENSA, in which 3 indicators were established through the results obtained: level of anxiety in adolescents, level of depression, mixed level (anxiety and depression) and see if it affects in the same waymen or women.
Axiety level in adolescents
Regarding item No. 11. With a sense of blocking, only 4 (10%) of the students gave positive anxiety, 2 women and 2 men.
Depression level in adolescents
With respect to item No. 7 Are you disappointed of yourself?, Only 9 (23%) of the students positively with moderate depression, 5 women and 4 men.
Mixed level (anxiety and depression)
With respect to item No. 14 (BAI) with fear of losing control and item No. 9, you would commit suicide? (BDI-II), only 2 (5%) of the students tested positive with anxious and moderate depressive disorders, 2 women.
On the other hand, it was observed that the number of men (10% – n = 2) like women’s (10% – n = 2) suffer from anxiety, while with respect to depression women (25% – n = 5) had a greater advantage compared to men (20% – n = 4) and in terms of both disorders only women suffered (5% – n = 2) and succinctly than 13 (33%) students (men and women)They suffer anxiety or depression.
Discussion
With a population of 40 students, 4 cases were reported for exclusive anxiety symptoms, which is equivalent to 10% of the population studied (2 men and 2 women), working with the same variables we can see that according to Ospina, Hinerosa, Paredes , Guzmán y Granados (2011) of the 538 adolescents surveyed was found that the highest percentage was given by anxiety symptoms with 28.3% in 152 students, the difference found in both results is due to the population studied, especially The methods when applied there is an inequality, since for our study we use the BAI inventory, unlike the comparative since they used the (CDI) -Children’s Depression Inventory with 27 items, from 0 to 54 to evaluate and each item is 3 Affirmations, in the same way Romero, Canals, Hernández-Martínez, Jané, Viñas and Domènech-Llabería (2010) tell us that the symptoms of anxiety were more frequent with 47% in 704 students unlike our results where Signalam We obtained a lower anxiety frequency rate, with 4 cases which is equivalent to 10% of the total, in comparative 82, with 3 questions from 0 to 2 respectively.
In the same way for the symptoms of depression working with a population of 40 students, 9 cases obtained positive exclusive for depressive symptoms, which is equivalent to 23% of the population studied (4 men and 5 women), another study similar to the variableIt was from Mantilla, Sabalza, Díaz and Campo-Aaria (2004) conducted the investigation with 248 boys and girls, where they point out that they obtained a total of 22 children detected with suggestive depressive paintings, the equivalent of 9% of the population studiedIt should be added that with respect to gender, 13 cases (5%) were found in girls and 9 cases (4%) in boys. In this comparison a greater result was obtained but the disguise would be the age difference, the amount of population evaluated and the difference of the method they used, since it was the Children Depression Inventory, Short form (CDI-S) consists of10 items, from 0 to 2 respectively, using a cut point of 7. Similarly Romero, Canals, Hernández, Jané, Viñas and Domènech (2010) who point to us that the depressive symptoms found in their investigation were less common with 173 cases, equivalent to 11.5% of the population studied, in this caseIn our investigation we had a greater result in terms of percentage, but a great disparity in terms of population, age and a different way of evaluating how they show it with the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), one of the most distinguished instruments forjustify depression in children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years. It consists of 27 items, in which it can be seen that you have three options to choose and mark, the individual must choose the option with which he feels most identified and with which he describes his feelings better, all based on the last twoweeks, the optimal cut point is 17. And finally we find Ospina, Hinerosa, Paredes, Guzmán and Granados (2011) who tell us that they have 18 teenagers (3.3%) in terms of exclusive depression, of 538 adolescents surveyed who used the same method as Mantilla, Sabalza, Díaz and Campo-de-Raia (2004) (CDI) where we can see that there is a great similarity in terms of results and this can be the result of the same type of scale applied to its studied population.
And finally, the 40 teenagers inquired, were found only 2 cases that gave positive for anxiety and depression (2 women), which corresponds to 5% of the population studied compared to Ospina, Hinerosa, Paredes, Guzmán andGranados (2011) who threw as a result that 538 adolescents, only 48 adolescents (8.9%) would suffer from both disorders (anxiety and depression) along, in this case there is not much superiority in terms of study compared despiteThe student amount evaluated.
With this we conclude that the figures found are the following: anxiety (10%), depression (23%) and mixed (5%) in all adolescents evaluated. Indeed, it was found that the predominant symptom in CENSA students is depression, followed by anxiety and finally both disorders (anxiety and depression).
conclusion
With everything seen, we conclude that adolescents are a very vulnerable population of such disorders, it could be found that depression was the greatest figure found in adolescents that suffer from it, speaking only of moderate and non -serious depression, in the face of these facts there must be aalert to the suspicions of such symptoms in students, work to detect and treat them. The insertion of minimum a psychologist in the Cansa is of vital importance for students complying with Law No. 30797, Article 52 and 62-A, as well as the placement of workshops aimed at parents to know how to detect symptoms and how to handle them,And training for teachers to have efficient development in situations with students suffering from such disorders. On the other hand, having the results of the inventories employed and results obtained in terms of anxiety and moderate depression applied in 40 students, it can serve as a basis to continue a deep investigation and detect a population with anxiety and depression but in the serious range andWith a greater population to examine. Finally, good mental health will guarantee us graduates of this school with high probabilities of capacity, development and management in the face of the adversities presented, its detection and attention is very important, because if not treated in time they could bring serious consequences and complications, affecting themselvesNot only to the same but to the family and leaving a sequel in society.
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